Introduction

In generally, ceramics products are made of naturally occurring materials such as feldspar, alumina, calcium carbonate, clay, silica etc. For day by day activities, increase in population demand a large quantity of ceramic products (sanitary were products, bone china crockery, glazed ceramic tiles etc.). In ceramic products, silica is found to be very important both at biscuit and gloss temperature since it forms the principal material needed for sintering or conversion to glassy state. The principle of raw material was used in silica during production of glass that comes in several compounds of silicates and at high temperature, it is melted and formed to shape. At low temperature, it is with addition of several compounds called fluxes a catalyst that accelerates the melting temperature of silica. It contain manufacturing process of ceramics that consist excavation of raw materials which is mixed together in different ways to form bodies and glazes. After firing, these interaction of bodies and glazes which brings about its attractiveness and properties that make it useful to man in every ramification of life. Similarly such raw materials are excavated and used for glass processing and production. The waste glasses formation processes are used and cullets are recycled for further production into crushed fine grains.

In order to optimize consumption of natural resources, recycling the products and preventing pollution from the disposal of such waste. Recycled glass can come from several sources such as glass bottles, television screens, flat glass, light-bulbs etc. and before it can be used in ceramic tile manufacturing, it would provide characteristics such as supply needs to be plentiful and its composition must be both homogenous and constant. The most types of glass are formed by network-forming oxides and network-modifying oxides which is calcium oxide, silicon oxide and sodium oxide. Glass contain the amorphous nature and also its composition (rich in alkalis) give it a fluxing character because of its properties, recycled glass can be used in ceramic engobe, ceramic body compositions and glaze compositions as a suitable for frits.

Glass characteristics

For homogeneity, recycled waste glass was analyzed in which recycled sodium-calcium glass, flat glass which is most widely available and could offer the ceramics sector. Besides, to formulate the glazes, waste borosilicate glass, although less widely available, was used. The recycled flat glass waste consist of morphological and micro-analytical characterization that was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis.