Introduction

Over the past four decades the development of optical communication system is continuous and now it represents as one of the most mature industry. The main motivation behind the broad application of fiber optics communication is fast and high growing users and business for more media broadcast ability with the innovation of fiber optics. A single optical fiber over long separations allowed more information to be passed. Today users are interested in the speed and the service quality which gave them a good experience of communication. It is important to remember that under a user's requirements there are lots of communication levels. The smooth operation of the system is ensured by the telecommunication operator, which express the challenges of a continuous growth in data traffic that must be transferred as fast as possible.

The technology of optical fiber communication permits high capacity, ultra-high speed, and long distance transmission. In the future, it is believed that the need for information that will be transmitted in the field of automobile technology will increase fast. It is not only in the information system but in the case of safety systems and control systems, the requirement of increase in network data rates is necessary.

Research in the field of the optical fiber is still incomplete even it has many associated benefits of using optical fiber for communication like low interference, low attenuation, high capacity of information, over a longer distance the reliability is also very high, longer life-span with the easy maintenance system. With these, all benefits many challenges are also faced and researches are working to solve the problems associated with these challenges. The present optical communication system is challenging but the future optical system is intended to be more robust. (Essiambre, 2012; He et al, 2014; Tatsuno, 2005; Batagelj, 2014)