Introduction

In twenty-first century, Climate change is identified as a major globally predominant scientific, economic, political and moral issue that affects both natural and human systems. Intergovernmental Panel explain the climate change means the temperature will increase up to 4°C by 2100 that will affect the water resources and the demand of water all over the world. The effects of both supply and demand of water is considering as the gap between supply and demand will increase that would be a current challenge of water management. The change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time is known as climate change. It may vary from the change in the average weather conditions to change in the distribution of weather events with respect to an average values.

The climate change in the term of increased temperature has a pervasive influence on the hydrological cycle and water resources that are recognized as part of complex, dynamic and interdependent. The change in the climate affect the ground and surface water resources on both quality and quantity because of the precipitation and evapotranspiration of the water. High rates of surface runoff is seen due to the increased intensities of precipitation that cause the increment in the risk of flood and decrement in the rate of groundwater recharge resulting in the drought condition. Growing population, rapid urbanization, changing agriculture and livelihoods, growing industries and power need privatization are the factors that generate multiple challenges for Indian water sectors. Inter-state issues are also the cause of over extraction and degradation of the existing resources.

By the southwest monsoon, freshwater resources of India are generated that fulfill the water requirements for many purposes such as agriculture, industries, domestic purposes, energy sectors and ecosystem that depends upon the monsoonal system. In India, more than 80% rainfall happens at the time of monsoon between ‘June to September’. A significant impact on agricultural production is due to the change in the climate at the time of Indian southwest monsoon. Already agricultural field is under stress because of the high population and other problems like water resources management (Kumar et al, 2017; Madhusoodhanan, Shreej and Eldho, 2016; Qatarneh et al 2018).

Water Resources

In recent time, resources of water is coming under increasing pressure due to the changing climate. The demand of water is affected with the supply and quality by the climate change. The loss in water supply as well as climate change enhance the competition for the use of water for the economic, social and environmental applications in arid and semi-arid areas of India. In future, water would be at high demand due to the large population who need irrigation and industrialization at the expense of drinking water. After 2025AD, worse condition can be generate if the amount of rainfall decrease in the major food producing regions and increase in the rate of evaporation.