Authors
Niharika Mishra
Abstract
Nowadays, the risk of biological and chemical agents is growing day by day. In these biological agents, certain fungi, bacteria and viruses represent a high risk for public health. Biological agents have the characteristics such as the unpredictable nature and have symptoms similar to common infection due to which the biological agents are used as a weapon by the terrorist to harm the large population. There are different types of methods that has been developed to detect these biological agents. These methods are Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (ESI), Immunoassay techniques, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Fluorescence techniques. These techniques have some advantages and disadvantages in the field of biological warfare due to which all biological weapon cannot be detected. In these review paper, we discussed about the different types of technique for the detection of biological weapons and concerns for the future. Keywords: Biological Agents, Weapon, Detection Techniques.
Introduction
Nowdays, the awareness is increasing regarding biological attacks vulnerabilities to military areas as well as civilian targets. The objective of homeland defense and national security is to protect the humans and animals against the biological warfare. ‘Biological Warfare’ means many biological agents that are used as weapons in mass destruction. The characteristics of these biological agents are to infect a large population with minimal economic cost.
From many centuries, the biological agents is used to beat enemies. The use of biological warfare (BW) has a historical record; in world war-I, anthrax biological warfare agent was used by Germans and Japanese against the human beings and animals. Again, it was used on large scale by Japanese against war prisoners and Chinese. The misuse of Biological Warfare Agent (BWA) is a possible event in the increment of threat of terrorist attacks. For a simple and cheap production of biological weapons, the misuse of biotechnology and food industry facilities are the one major problem (Joshi et al., 2013; Trzaskowski and Ciach, 2017).
References
Ciach, Tomasz, and Maciej Trzaskowski. “SPR System for On-Site Detection of Biological Warfare.” Current Analytical Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 2, July 2017, pp. 144–149.
Duracova, Miloslava, et al. “Proteomic Methods of Detection and Quantification of Protein Toxins.” Toxins, vol. 10, no. 3, 2018, p. 99.
Duschek, Frank, et al. “Standoff Detection and Classification of Bacteria by Multispectral Laser-Induced Fluorescence.” Advanced Optical Technologies, vol. 6, no. 2, Jan. 2017.
Joshi, Deepti, et al. “Detection of Biological Warfare Agents Using Ultra Violet-Laser Induced Fluorescence LIDAR.” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 112, 2013, pp. 446–456.
M, Ducote, et al. “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a Tool for Pathogen Detection.” Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 07, no. 04, 2016.
Mirski, Tomasz, et al. “Review of Methods Used for Identification of Biothreat Agents in Environmental Protection and Human Health Aspects.” Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol. 21, no. 2, Oct. 2014, pp. 224–234.
Rowland, Clare E., et al. “Nanomaterial-Based Sensors for the Detection of Biological Threat Agents.” Materials Today, vol. 19, no. 8, 2016, pp. 464–477.
Saito, Masato, et al. “Field-Deployable Rapid Multiple Biosensing System for Detection of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents.” Microsystems & Nanoengineering, vol. 4, 2018, p. 17083.
Švabenska, Eva. “Systems for Detection and Identification of Biological Aerosols (Review Paper).” Defence Science Journal, vol. 62, no. 6, 2012, pp. 404–411.
Tomar, Arvind, and Garima Gupta. “Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing of Biological Warfare Agent Botulinum Neurotoxin A.” Journal of Bioterrorism & Biodefense, vol. 7, no. 2, 2016.
How to cite this article?
| APA Style | Mishra, N. (2019). Study on the Biological Weapon and their Detection Techniques. Academic Journal of Life Science, 1(1), 1-5. |
| Chicago Style | |
| MLA Style | |
| DOI | |
| URL |