Introduction

The process of archaeology is basically comprises of various steps such as excavation, archaeological survey, analysis and then the interpretation. At the time of excavation, the archaeological interpretation and the carried out research depends on the collection of data accurately (Paulo et al, 2014). As according to the studies of various researchers, archaeology is a vicious practice in which the spot analysis necessitates the structure disassembling, displacement and removal of all the findings that includes tools, bones and pottery. So, it becomes vital to preserve every exact detail of place while it is being unearthed (Allen et al, 2004). In archaeology, the phase of documentation is considered as crucial since the excavations are usually removed from most of the discovered features. First, traditional methods were in use which were majorly manual and they also includes the knowledge about the surveyed object but they consume much of the time and lacks the geometric accuracy. There is one other approach i.e., paper based documentation that provides 2D outputs (Valente et al, 2017). As the three dimensional technique is used in archaeology and from its early time, terrestrial photogrammetry techniques and Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used for the purpose of recording old buildings. For the visualization of archaeological sites or landscapes, Digital Elevation Models (DEM’S) is used whereas for cost surface and viewshed analysis, Geographical Information System is used (https://proceedings.caaconference.org/files/2000/01_Avern_CAA_2000.pdf).

With the increase in usage of more flexible measurements in field work by archaeologists, they should be able to acquire their own measurements in a simple and easy way. The Image based 3D approach of recording offers several kinds of possibilities. After the development of 3D models, Archaeologists use that 3D model for measurement and visualization purposes (Pollefeys, 2003).

3D Modeling – A number of research teams are using a variety of scans and images that develop 3D models for a purpose of simulated representation of historical spots. Certain projects basically involve the modelling of Michelangelo’s David, the IBM pieta projects, the Great Buddha project and virtualization of a Byzantine Crypt. In this, archaeological excavation is recorded which is in progress, then track the variations as the mining and digging process proceeds. The final step is that these replicas aid as a counterpart to documentation. Archaeologists majorly uses photogrammetry in place of range data from laser than scans to create a 3D replica. Pollefeys et al, addresses the image based reconstruction for archaeology.

Visualization – Currently archaeologists uses different types of documentation (handwritten), sketch drafts, illustrations and pictures which are later used to document the physical condition of an excavated archaeological site. The documentation process also involves the standard guidelines that are developed especially for this purpose. Both the techniques GIS and CAD consist 3D visualization proficiencies that presents as layered 2D maps or abrasive geographical terrain maps with implanted entities, pictures as well as sketches. Some of the research groups such as ARCHAVE project that is developed for the purpose of use in CAVE like environment having projected walls and floor. This project comprises of humanly displayed atmosphere having simulated portraits that represents innumerable type of finds and has also been sometimes utilized to determine designs and fashions present on the project located on to the site. In divergence whereas, highly detailed computer generated model is used by this system that contains textures of high resolution, exact exemplification of the actual excavated site. Gaitatzes et al, stated the simulated veracity environments for the temple visualization and civic constructions of an ancient Greece (Allen, 2004).