Authors
Umesh Prakash
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method, which identify the species in fast and accurate way. It is the method that uses the short DNA fragment, created from the standard state of genome for the individualization. It works as a novel biological tool in organismal biology to upsurge the understanding about natural world. DNA barcode technique is used in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic plants and animals. Different types of barcode has been discovered that are used for the species identification. In animal, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is used while in plant different types of barcodes such as rbcL, matK, trnHpsbA, ITS2 and so on. These barcodes have the limits as they are used for the particular species. In this technology, BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), and BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) are used to maintain the data of museum and herbarium species and used as a standard for the comparison purpose. In this review study, the main objective is to find out the ability of DNA barcoding for the species identification. Keywords: Barcoding, Species, BLAST, BOLD
Introduction
For the species level identification, DNA barcoding concept is very popular. It is a taxonomic method used to identifying the organism and its species. In DNA Barcoding, a short genetic marker is used to identify DNA of an organism because of the specific variation between short DNA sequences from an unvarying section of genome. Unknown sample in the pre-existing classification is identified by the help of DNA barcoding and also determines whether unknown species in sample is separated or combined. Different barcode region are used: segment of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) contain 600 base pairs, a barcode region is used in case of animal. It is also used in plant to identifying the leaves because of the absence of flowers and fruits. A portion of plastid gene rbcL codes for the larger unit of Maturase K gene (matK) and Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO), Standard DNA barcode with the additional regions can be used for the plant, proposed by Plant Working Group, CBOL in 2009. But rbcL gene reported as low discriminating power. Now, a huge number of reference DNA barcode sequences have been generated from taxonomically validated species. Hence, the identification of species from any amorphous plant part can be made from the similarity search with reference database (Sarvananda, 2018; Mahadani and Ghosh, 2013).
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| APA Style | Prakash, U. (2019). Species Identification from DNA Barcoding Technology. Academic Journal of Life Science, 1(1), 17-21. |
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