Authors
Nitika Sharma
Abstract
Rabies is one of the serious disease, responsible for many human death. In Asia, rabies death occur approximately 45% globally and around 1.4 billion people are at risk of rabies infection. On the 10th annual of World Rabies Day, it was estimated that around 59000 people were still dying from the rabies infection annually. Therefore, the different health community must focus on this and develop more preventive methods to reduce the risk of rabies infection. According to the statistics, more than 95% human rabies cases are because of the dog bites specifically in the Asian and African countries. Rabies is fatal infection caused by the genus Lyssavirus affecting mainly warm-blooded animals. Raccoons, bats, skunks are responsible for rabies infection and for transmission infected host saliva are responsible even rabid animal bite are also responsible. Here in this paper a study on rabies virus has been done. Keywords: Rabies Infection, Rabies Vaccination, Prevention
Introduction
“Rabies” is the Latin word and it is derived from the Sanskrit word “rabhas” which means “to do violence.” Earlier the Roman writers described the infections caused by saliva of rabid dogs as a poison and denoted by the Latin word “virus” and these virus belong to the Lyssavirus. In Greek the word “lyssa” or “lytta” simply means “madness.” In 500 B.C., canine rabies was first time recorded by Democritus ca. and Aristotle described that dogs who is suffering from a madness causing irritability (Krebs, et al., 1995).
Rabies virus belongs to the genus and family Lyssavirus and Rhabdoviridae respectively. Lyssavirus has a single stranded RNA genome encoding five protiens i.e. glycoprotein (G), RNA polymerase (L), phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), and matrix protein (M) (Hicks, et al. 2012). Rabies is a zoonotic disease, affecting the warm-blooded species and generally transferred to human via contact and infected animals by bites, scratches etc. To infect the virus has to come in contact with the mucosal surfaces and the virus start replicating or directly enter to the peripheral nervous system. Rabies virus travels approximately 15-100 mm daily and when it reaches to the Central Nervous System it show major clinical symptoms. Development period of rabies virus is normally between two weeks and six month and the development will depend on two factors, first is the site of infection and another is the amount of virus transmitted. Around fourteen days before the symptoms are shown the salivary glands are affected and the virus is excreted in saliva (Jonasson, 2014).
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| APA Style | Sharma, N. (2019). Rabies Infection: An Overview . Academic Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 1(1), 26-32. |
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