Authors
Khushi Rathod
Abstract
To understand and communicate with the peoples in their region a set of vocal is produced by human which is known as language. India is a multilingual country, in terms of language India has a very iconic heritage. Constitution of India felt need to specify the language to be used in state function. The proposal of making Hindi language as an official language of the country should be made because more than 40% of people living in India uses Hindi as a language. Consequently Part XVII of the Indian Constitution provides the official language of the Union (Article 343-344). This paper gives a study of language with the history or origin of language which are specified as official scheduled languages in Schedule VIII of the Indian Constitution. Keywords: Schedule, Constitution, Languages, India
Introduction
In term of languages India has a very rich heritage and every language which is spoken by the people is respected by Indian constitution, and is included in the Constitution. In Indian constitution, total number of schedules are 12, in which each schedule deals with different topics with different rules and laws. The 8th Schedule of Indian constitution deals with languages, in which it contain a list of 22 officially scheduled languages (originally 14 languages).
When constitution was passed presence of language in the list means that a particular language represents the official language commission. Hindi, the official language of country. This help in developing the richness of a language and safeguarding its integrity.
In examination of high posts such as UPSC etc, the candidate can choose any of the language as a medium in which he/she want to answer the paper.
There are 4 main groups of Indian languages which are as:
1. Indo- Aryan: Hindi, Sanskrit, Oriya, Bengali, Punjabi, Assamese, Nepali, Konkani, Kashmiri, and Urdu.
2. Dravidian: Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Tulu.
3. Mongoloid: Garo, Tripura, Manipuri, and Bodo.
4. Tribal Language and Dialects: Mundari, Oraon, Santal, Gond, etc.
22 Schedule languages of India are as follows:
1. Assamese: It is the official language of state of Assam. It is an Indo-Aryan language. From the 13th century Assamese language has developed as a literature language. The script of this language is derived from the brahmi script. The evolution of the Assamese script is shown by the copper plate and rock inscription from 5th to 9th century. 57% of Assam state speaks in Assamese language. In many north eastern states mainly in Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh this language is used as an interstate communication language.
2. Bengali: It is the official language of west Bengal, which is also a leading Indo-Aryan language Bengali is one of the most popular and widely spoken language of India. Bengali emerged as a separate language around 1000 A.D.it is spoken by more than 175 million people in Bangladesh and in eastern India.
3. Guajarati: It is the official language of the state of Gujarat and also a member of Indo-Aryan family, it was adopted from Devanagari script. Guajarati is one of the most developed language of India and more than 50 million people speak Guajarati language. Around 1200 A.D. this language started out as an independent language and the development of this language starts in three distinct phases - 10th to 15th century, 15th to 17th century and 17th to 19th century.
4. Hindi: It is the official language of India, it is the biggest member of Indo-Aryan family Hindi language is written in Devnagri script. It is our mother tongue. The language Hindi begins with the Aryan. Hindi is regarded as the successor of Aryan languages. The development of Hindi can be divided into three periods:
a. Old Indo-Aryan Languages.
b. Mid Indo-Aryan Languages.
c. Modern Indo-Aryan Languages.
It is a great fictional language.
5. Kashmiri: Kashmiri is a state language of Jammu and Kashmir, It is also a member of Indo-Aryan. Kashmiri language is also known as Kashur, by its native people or speaker. Kashmiri language is called Kashur, it is written in Perso-Arabic script.
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