Authors

Dr. Ranjay Kumar

Abstract

Income is a prominent social determinant that influences human thoughts, behaviours, and actions, shaping the quality of personal and social life. Income ensures access to resources critical for maintaining well-being and contributes to the social and economic empowerment of an individual. The impact of income on violent crimes is a critical area of study in forensic psychology and criminology. This study explores the role of personal and family income in unlawful homicides. The research compares the personal and family income of 100 male subjects, 50 convicted murderers from Central Jail, Beur, Patna, Bihar and 50 non-criminals from various districts in Bihar. Participants, aged 20–60 years, were Hindu males with at least primary-level education, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved a self-prepared Personal Data Schedule (PDS), with analysis conducted using the t-test and Chi-square test. The results revealed significant differences in both personal and family income between the two groups. Convicted murderers and their family predominantly belonged to the lowest income category, potentially exacerbating stress, frustration, and poor decision-making linked to homicidal offenses. In contrast, non-criminals and their family were more likely to have higher income levels, which fostered better daily life management, stronger coping mechanisms, and reduced criminal tendencies. The findings underscore the interplay between personal and family income and violent crimes, emphasizing the need for holistic interventions to address income disparities, improve public health, and reduce crime. Keywords: Income, Unlawful Homicides, Murderers, Non-Criminals

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