Authors
Surya Kiran Sharma
Abstract
Thyroid is an endocrine gland that is a very essential part of human body as it secret the hormones that almost effects every part of the body, it not only has effect on human body development but it also effects the sexual activity and fertility rate of a person irrespective of his or her sex. Thyroid gets readily effected by several diseases and gives rise to any one of the two conditions one hyperthyroidism and other would be hypothyroidism. Such symptoms can now be temporarily managed with the help of various drugs. Our study starts with the aim of finding out whether the condition or let’s say health of the thyroid has any direct or indirect influence over the fertility rate of the females and males or not and if yes, can it be of risk to their life. In order to come to a conclusion work of many meticulous researchers have been taken into consideration and it had been found that women or men both when had dysfunctioning thyroid had effected fertility rate. Not only this in females it was found that the menstrual pattern was highly influenced because of the thyroid hormone. Keywords: Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Fertility, Sperms.
Introduction
In 130-120 A.D Galen described about thyroid in his work “De Voce”. It was termed as thyroid by Thomas Whorton in (1614-1673), because thyroid gland is at proximity to the thyroid cartilage.
In Greek and German its name is “thyreos” and “Schilddruse” respectively which means shield but given the appearance of this very gland, it appears to be of butterfly in shape or when seen is observed to be as capital H. As it consist of two lateral lobes which remains connected to isthmus.
When talking of characteristic features of this gland its lateral lobes are approximately 3 to 4 cm in length and 15 to 20mm wide. It is located between trachea and larynx medially, while laterally it is between carotid sheath and stern mastoid muscles.
When talking about the whole gland at once, it is found that in normal adult it is 6 to 7 cm wide approximately, 3 to 4 cm in length, when talking about weight it ranges from fifteen to twenty five gram. Although the thyroid is asymmetrical in nature. This fact cannot go unnoticed that the right side of the gland that is right lobe is double the size of left lobe. The upper pole of the lobes reaches to the height of thyroid cartilage, however lower pole reaches tracheal ring V-VI.
Thyroid gland and its various hormone play numerous of roles in development of organs, it is mainly useful because it has a vital role in physiological mechanisms in maintaining homeostatic control and growth of body and expenditure of energy in all vertebrates. Thyroid is formed at the floor pharynges, it is basically formed from midline anlage, and it is composed of foregut endoderm cells that builds up thyroid, later these thyroid progenitors specially give raise to the follicular cell pedigree that in due course will form units that will produce hormone known as the “thyroid follicles”, which eventually makes up the thyroid gland.Thyroid follicle has distinguished cells inside these follicles, these cells are epithelial in nature and are known as thyrocytes. These cells produce various thyroid hormones such as, triiodothyronine and thyroxine which is commonly known as T3 and T4. These hormones are dipeptides that are iodinated their synthesis, storage and secretion is a complex reaction.
According to Rousset et al. transport of this hormone is bidirectional in nature.
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| APA Style | Sharma. S. K (2019). Dysfunctioning Thyroid- A Fatal Risk for Men and Women.. Academic Journal of Medical and Health Care Sciences, 1(1), 24-28 |
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