Introduction

So many natural resources exist, in which ground water is one of the Nation’s most important resources. It provides about approximately 40% of Nation’s public water supply. More than 40 million people, including most of the rural population that supply their own drinking water from domestic wells. In every state, ground water is an important source of drinking water and irrigation. Nation’s principal reserve of freshwater and represents much of the potential future water supply. In many streams and rivers, ground water is a major contributor to flow and it has a strong influence on river and wetland habitats for plants and animals.

According to Meyland in National Geographic Magazine’s special issue on water described the world’s present water situation as follows:

“Nearly 70 percent of the World’s freshwater is locked in ice. Most of the rest is in aquifers that we’re draining much more quickly than the natural recharge rate. Two-thirds of our water is used to grow food. With 83 million more people on the earth each year, water demand will keep going up unless we change how we use it”

The basic statistics of water distribution are well-known, until it is unsettling to see the documentation of groundwater depletion continue to accumulate. According to Meyland found that groundwater around the world is being pumped faster than it can be refilled and it have doubled since 1960s at rates. It have to be increase is due to increased agricultural use of groundwater that accounts for 70-80% of increase globally. It is also estimate the fate of this water via infiltration, evaporation, and runoff for land parcels around the globe. Then, calculated how much water was leaving and entering world aquifers. Majority of this pumped groundwater is increased as much as 95%, ends up in the oceans where it is a contributor to the world’s sea level rise. Researcher team has found that groundwater use has contributed 25% of sea level rise that is observed since 2000.

A groundwater management program is needed at the local and national level

In water management and allocation, essential tool is used that is tabulation of total water resources. This tabulation is also referred to as water budget which is an accounting of inflows, outflows and water in storage in an aquifer or in a surface water system. While pre-development water budget is an interesting exercise and this tabulation is more useful in current or post-development water budget that include the influence of human activities. Groundwater resources is characterized by pre-development of water budget that is in prior to human development. Its use has led to the creation of what has come to be known as the “safe yield myth.” According to Meyland, safe yield “is myth because it is an oversimplification of the information that is needed to understand the effect of developing a groundwater system.