Introduction

Mechanical injury is the term used to describe harm to the body resulting from mechanical forces, which can lead to tissue loss and is commonly known as a wound. This type of injury can be categorized into two primary forms: blunt force and sharp force. Additionally, there are injuries caused by non-mechanical forces, including thermal, chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic sources. Blunt-force trauma is a type of injury that occurs without the involvement of cutting instruments and can result from various forces such as impacts, pulling, twisting, or shearing (Sharma, 2005) Bruises are skin discolorations that occur when blood leaks into the underlying tissues from injured small blood vessels, typically veins and arterioles. The term 'bruising' is specifically used to describe external marks visible on the skin due to blood leakage into the skin and subcutaneous tissues, whereas 'contusion' refers to blood leakage into tissues within body cavities. A 'hematoma' is a term for a collection of blood under the skin that can be felt. Petechiae are tiny bruises, often described as pin-point hemorrhages, and are typically less than 2 mm in size. The term 'ecchymosis' refers to the accumulation of blood in subcutaneous tissues (Payne-James et al., 2014). Wound infection occurs when microorganisms invade and disrupt healthy tissue, triggering an inflammatory response from the host. This interference impedes the healing process. While the inflammatory mechanisms in both acute and chronic wound infections are similar, the key difference lies in the control of the inflammation: in acute wound infections, the host manages the inflammation, whereas in chronic wound infections, the inflammation is driven by the microorganisms (Hurlow and Bowler, 2022) If a wound is not properly cleaned and covered, it can become an entry point for bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to infection. Sepsis occurs when the body responds to an infection by releasing chemicals into the bloodstream, which can result in organ failure and death. The most effective way to prevent sepsis is by preventing infections in the first place. Sepsis is a condition that can vary in severity from mild symptoms to severe organ dysfunction and shock. The manifestations of sepsis are determined by factors such as the pathogen's virulence, the point of entry into the body, the host's susceptibility and immune response, and the progression of the condition over time (Lever and Mackenzie, 2007).